Protein metabolism

Vivian Imbriotis | June 22, 2026

Proteins

  • 20 amino acids; 9 are essential
  • Absorbed amino acids are almost all synthesized\(\to\)protein or catabolized\(\to\)energy
  • Only ~100g exchangeable store of free amino acids
  • Synthesis: AAs enter cells \(\to\) directed via RNA at ribosome to form proteins. Liver forms plasma proteins (clotting factors, albumin etc), up to 30g/day
  • When cells are protein-replete, excess amino acids catabolised

Protein catabolism

  • Amino acid \(\xrightarrow{\text{deamination}}\) \(\alpha\)-keto acid + ammonia
  • Ammonia goes to liver \(\xrightarrow{\text{urea cycle}}\) urea
  • \(\alpha\)-keto acids can then (a) enter krebs cycle directly, (b) act as substrate for gluconeogenesis in liver, or (c) be converted to acetyl-CoA \(\to\) fatty acid synthesis for energy storage